Why any estimate of the cost of climate change will be flawed
Temperature fluctuations are unpredictable. Humans are even more so
![Illustration of a line going up and melting under the sun.](https://www.economist.com/cdn-cgi/image/width=1424,quality=80,format=auto/content-assets/images/20240601_FND000.jpg)
When William Nordhaus, who would later win a Nobel prize in economics, modelled the interaction between the economy and the atmosphere he represented the “damage function”—an estimate of harm done by an extra unit of warming—as a wiggly line. So little was known about the costs of climate change that he called it “terra incognita”, unknown land, compared with the “terra infirma”, shaky ground, of the costs of preventing it. Eventually, a rough calculation gave him an estimate that 1-2% of global GDP would be lost from a 3°C rise in temperature. This was no more than an “informed hunch”, he wrote in 1991.
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This article appeared in the Finance & economics section of the print edition under the headline “Mindmelting problems”
Finance & economics June 1st 2024
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