Translating Wetland Research into Policy
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This presentation on the SWAMP program and its deliverables was given by CIFOR scientist Daniel Murdiyarso in Washington DC.
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Translating Wetland Research into Policy
- 1. Daniel Murdiyarso, CIFOR Carl Trettin, USFS Translating Wetland Research into Policy
- 2. Outline • Introduction – What is SWAMP? – Why wetlands are important? • SWAMP Deliverables • Impacts pathways and outcomes • Emerging opportunities – Bundling adaptation and mitigation strategies – Enhancing wetland resilience and coastal security • Key messages USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 3. Partnership is fundamental for program effectiveness CIFOR • Land-use change and Biogeochemical cycles • Remote sensing and modeling • Communication and outreach USDA FOREST SERVICE USDA Forest Service • Forest inventory and analysis • Wetland ecology and management • Restoration ecology Boundary partners • National universities • National/local NGOs • Government agencies
- 4. SWAMP leverages other programs • Carbon Analysis Laboratory – Univ. Eduardo Mondlane , Mozambique (funded by NSF-PEER) – Bogor Agric. Univ., Indonesia (funded by State Dept.) • Total Carbon Estimation in African Mangrove and Coastal Wetlands (funded by NASA) • East Africa Mangrove Carbon Project (funded by USAID Africa Bureau) • Carbon stocks and emissions of high altitude tropical peatlands in the Andes (funded by State Department) • The Kalimantan Wetland s and Climate Change Study (KWACS), funded by USAID Indonesia Mission • Indonesia Peat Network (IPN), funded by State Department
- 5. Why wetlands? • Wetlands are important in the global carbon cycles • Very high C stocks, some of the highest on the planet • Highest rates in deforestation/land cover change in the tropics GHG emissions • Wetlands provide numerous ecosystem services • Natural sponge flood control • Habitat for rare and endangered species • Coastal systems protect from storms and tsunamis • Breeding and rearing habitat for fish and shellfish • Sources of wood and other forest products • Ecotourism • High biodiversity USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 6. SWAMP Goal and Objectives The overall goal is to provide policy makers with credible scientific information needed to make sound decisions relating to the role of tropical wetlands in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies. The specific objectives are to: • Quantify GHG emissions and C-stocks and changes • Develop models of ecosystem C-dynamics • Assess the roles of tropical wetland ecosystems in climate change adaptation • Build the capacity and outreach stakeholders USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 7. Where Do We Work? USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 8. C stocks in vegetation: Straightforward and relatively inexpensive Stock change Flux change Litter fall Root mortality Heterotrophic soil respiration Dissolved organic C Methodology development USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 9. Donato et al. Nature Geoscience (2011) Indo-Pacific region (30o Lat, 73o Long) Indonesian archipelago Murdiyarso et al. Nature CC 2015 (submitted )
- 10. Findings: mangroves • Findings • Ecosystem C stocks 1,083 ± 378 Mg C ha–1 • Soil (78%) • Biomass (20%) • Necromass (2%) • Total stocks: 3.14 Pg C • Area • 1980: 4.2 Mha (FAO 207) • 2000: 3.1 Mha 52,000 ha/yr • 2005: 2.9 Mha (FAO, 2007) (1.4 %/yr) • 2009: 2.6 Mha (MoF, 2009) • Mangrove loss 6% of the total forest loss • Mitigation potentials 0. 19 Pg CO2eq yr-1 19% of the total national GHG emissions Murdiyarso et al. Nature Climate Change 2015 (submitted) USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 11. Findings: peatlands Murdiyarso et al. PNAS, 2010 USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 12. Mapping C and modeling C dynamics USDA FOREST SERVICE Gumbricht, 2013 Kurnianto et al., GCB, 2014
- 13. 40 SWAMP publications Peer-reviewed Journals Working papers 73,815 downloads 15,338 distributed USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 14. Technical Session at IUFRO World Congress 2014 • Papers: 12 original research and reviews • Habitat: peat swamp forests, mangroves, deltas, water birds • Region: Africa, South and Meso- America, Asia and the Pacific • Issues: CC mitigation and adaptation USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 15. Wetlands on the web SWAMP project site: www.cifor.org/swamp 9,900+ views to date Slideshare This slide has been viewed more than 3000 x 13 power points on wetlands downloaded more than 14,000 times USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 16. Impact pathways and Outcomes USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 17. 1. Introduction 2. Drained Inland Organic Soils 3. Rewetted Organic Soils 4. Coastal Wetlands 5. Inland Wetland Organic Soils 6. Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment 7. Cross-cutting Issues and Reporting http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/home/wetlands.html Impact pathways and Outcomes USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 18. (p.10) (p.28) Impact pathways and Outcomes USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 19. Lidar Hi-Res Satellite Data Development of Applications Using High Resolution Remote Sensing Data to Estimate Mangrove Biomass Estimation of Canopy Height Next Step: Evaluate with Field Height and Biomass Data Source: Lagomasino, NASA, 2015 USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 20. Sea-level Rise – IPCC AR5 For RCP8.5, by 2100 0.52 to 0.98 RCP2.6: 0.26 to 0.55 m RCP4.5: 0.32 to 0.63 m RCP6.0: 0.33 to 0.63 m RCP8.5: 0.45 to 0.82 m USDA FOREST SERVICE IPCC (2012)
- 21. Vietnam Republic of Palau Sedimentation rate = sea-level rise MacKenzie et al. (Forthcoming) Adaptation to CC/SLR USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 22. R-SET and Radionuclides (210 Pb) 2 cm intervals in the first 20 cm 20 cm intervals up to 1m deep USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 23. E WN 255o E 2D RESISTIVITY SECTION_TG01 TANJUNG GUNUNG AREA, KAYONG UTARA S W N 220o E N E 2D RESISTIVITY SECTION_TG03-TG05 TANJUNG GUNUNG AREA, KAYONG UTARA • Use of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) • For more accurate estimate of peat volume Better estimate of peat depth USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 24. B1, Slide 24 of 36 New approaches for restoration and sustainable management Photo by: Ben Brown Firewood $270k Mangrove Crab $550kEcotourism ??$ Integrating science with local objectives Bosma et al. 2014 Integrated Associated Separated Idealized?
- 25. Key messages • Additional science is needed to inform public policy-making processes • The UNFCCC and IPCC remain important fora to deliver wetlands science • Mitigation-based adaptation may be promoted at all levels across multiple-stakeholders • Outreach and capacity building to policy and scientific community through trainings are increasingly important USDA FOREST SERVICE
- 26. Future directions for discussion Continue Building the Science Base • Documenting emissions from degraded wetlands • Developing robust assessment tools • Monitoring wetland dynamics Integration wetlands into national planning and management • National mapping (e.g. Indonesia - peatlands, Mozambique - mangroves) • Enhance policy dialogue and outreach in selected USAID countries (e.g. PNG) • Developing governance and socio-economic tools to reflect local values of wetlands into national mapping and planning efforts Guiding strategic investments in coastal security • Improve tools available to USAID and other donors for wetlands restoration that increases effectiveness and outcomes USDA FOREST SERVICE
Editor's Notes
- I will begin by introducing SWAMP, where we work, what are the objectives and why we choose wetlands Then I will walk you through the process of how we engage scientific work and reach out policy communities bothe globally and nationally through dialogues I will end my presentation with some messages to take home, especially on a few challenges ahead of us, including way forward to synergize adaptation measures
- Tropical wetlands are important in the global carbon balance. Why? - Wetlands store very high carbon stocks, some of the highest on the planet (wetlands are only 0.25% of the total land surface but contain 3% of the world’s soil carbon). They are a source of methane (CH4), another type of greenhouse gas. The rates of wetland cover change/deforestation is high in the tropics. Greenhouse gas emissions from land-use change is much higher than those from converted upland forests.
- We have been working in pan tropical region covering 25 countries with the distribution shown here
- This is both promising and challenging how countries could assess and monitor this large pools
- In a broader scale we also make an effort to look at the distribution of wetlands and identify the potential mitigation “hotspot”
- We have been generating substantial knowledge to inform public policy-making processes. These range from scientific journals to technical information which is policy-relevant The latest product is “Guiding Principles for Delivering Coastal Wetland C Project” that will be released tomorrow in Indonesia Pavilion next door. This report could possibly be used to bridge into the second Phase where we can also bridge mitigation and adaptation strategies as far as policy community is concerned.
- Dedicated wetlands pages on cifor.org: SWAMP project web page Wetlands blog page for International Wetlands Day 2015 SWAMP toolbox A CIFOR webpage dedicated to the SWAMP project — www.cifor.org/ swamp/home.html — serves as a repository for our videos, publications, blog posts, and all news about the project. CIFOR’s virtual news service on forestry science (45-50K readers) has published 21 news articles on our mangroves research (12,450 downloads). Most directly related to SWAMP project.
- High resolution remote sensing data (e.g. < 3-5 m resolution) is readily available. Work has been initiated to utilize commercially available data to assess mangrove biomass. We used airborne lidar data to validate the satellite data. Yellow dots are plots that will be used for biomass validation. Initiative funded by NASA.